聚合物化学英语翻译.doc

PAGE PAGE 44 第三章 Polymer Structure This chapter is concerned with aspects of the structure of polymeric materials outside those of simple chemical composition. The main topics covered are polymer stereochemistry, crystallinity, and the character of amorphous polymers including the glass transition. These may be thought of as arising from the primary structure of the constituent molecules in ways that will become clearer as the chapter progresses. 本章所关注的这些简单的化学成分之外的高分子材料的结构方面。主要内容包括：聚合物立体化学，结晶，包括无定形聚合物的玻璃化转变的特征。这些可能被认为是章进展变得更为清晰的方式，将组成分子的一级结构所产生的。 Before proceeding, a word on nomenclature is necessary. Polymer chemists, following the example of P.J. Flory, have tended to use the words configuration and conformation in a sense that differs from that conventionally employed within organic chemistry. In this book, by contrast, I intend to go along with F. W. Billmeyer, and use these words in the way that they apply more widely throughout chemistry. Thus configuration is the term given to an arrangement of atoms that cannot be altered except by breaking chemical bonds, while conformation is the term applied to the individual, recognisable arrangement of atoms that can be altered by simple rotation around a single bond. Configurations include head-to-tail arrangements, described in the previous chapter, conformations include trans versus gauche arrangements of successive carbon-carbon bonds along the backbone of an individual macromolecule. 在继续之前，一个命名的话是必要的。高分子化学家，例如pj的弗洛里，往往使用的话在一定意义上，从传统的有机化学内聘用不同配置和构象。相比之下，在这本书中，我打算走与固件Billmeyer ，并使用这些话的方式，它们适用于更广泛的整个化学。因此，配置给安排的，不能改变，除非打破化学键，而构象是适用于个人，在一个单一的债券，可以通过简单的旋转改变原子的识别安排的长期原子一词。配置包括头部到尾部的安排，在前面的章节中描述，构包括连续的碳 - 碳沿个人大分子的骨干债券跨与笨拙的安排。 Polymer stereochemistry Monosubstituted vinyl monomers form polymers containing a series of asymmetric carbon atoms along the molecule. The precise arrangement of these asymmetric carbons gives rise to three different possible stereochemical arrangements. 单取代乙烯基单体形成聚合物含有