分享几篇与机经相关雅思阅读文章(二).pdfVIP

分享几篇与机经相关的雅思阅读文章(二) 分享几篇与机经相关的雅思阅读文章(二) 分分享享几几篇篇与与机机经经相相关关的的雅雅思思阅阅读读文文章章((二二)) 摘要：小马过河网雅思频道为各位考生整理了分享几篇与机经相关的雅思阅读文章，供考生 们参考使用，更多雅思口语辅导请继续关注小马过河网雅思频道，也可以拨打咨询电话 400-0123-267。 纸币发展 History Paper money originated in two forms: drafts, which are receipts for value held onaccount,andbills,whichwereissuedwithapromisetoconvertatalaterdate. Money is based on the coming to pre-eminence of some commodity as payment. The oldest monetary basis was for agricultural capital: cattle and grain. In Ancient Mesopotamia, drafts were issued against stored grain as a unit of account. A drachma was a weight of grain. Japans feudal system was based on rice per year – koku. At the same time, legal codes enforced the payment for injury in a standardized form, usually in precious metals. The development of money then comes from the role of agricultural capital andprecious metals having a privileged place in the economy. Such drafts were used for giro systems of banking as early as Ptolemaic Egypt in the first century BC. Jiaozi (Song Dynasty), the worlds earliest paper money. However the use of paper money as a circulating medium is intimately related toshortagesofmetalforcoins.Inthe600stherewerelocalissuesofpapercurrency in China and by 960 the Song Dynasty, short of copper for striking coins, issued the first generally circulating notes. A note is a promise to redeem later for some other object of value, usually specie. The issue of credit notes is often for a limited duration, and at some discount to the promised amount later. The original notes were restricted in area and duration, but the Yuan Dynasty, facing massive shortages of specie to fund their occupation of China, began printing paper money withoutrestrictionsonduration.By1455,inanefforttoreinineconomicexpansion and end hyperinflation, the new Ming Dynasty ended paper money, and closed much of 400-0123