云下部正电荷区与负地闪预击穿过程.doc

云下部正电荷区与负地闪预击穿过程 张义军1,2孟青1,2 吕伟涛 1,2 马 明 1,2 郑 栋 1,2 1. 中国气象科学研究院雷电物理与防护工程实验室， 北京， 100081 2. 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室， 北京， 100081 3. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro 摘 要 三维雷电观测系统LMA(Lightning Mapping Array)是最近发展起来的基于GPS时钟同步的闪电VHF辐射源到达时间差(TOA)定位技术，能以很高的时间分辨率(50 ns)和空间定位精度(50—100 m)展现闪电放电发展过程的三维时空分布，揭示雷暴中电荷结构及其与放电过程的关系。文中利用三维雷电VHF辐射源观测资料分析了负地闪预击穿过程的时空分布特征，讨论了云下部正电荷区对负地闪发生的影响，其结果表明在首次回击之前存在长时间预击穿过程的负地闪中，预击穿过程是云中部负电荷区与下部正电荷区之间的一种云内放电过程，闪电起始于云中部负电荷区，然后向下发展传输，进入正电荷区后闪电通道在云下部正电荷区水平发展，其放电特征与反极性云闪放电一致，云内放电过程最后阶段的K型击穿激发了地闪的梯级先导，梯级先导穿过云下部正电荷区向下发展传输。云下部正电荷的存在是导致负地闪首次回击之前存在长时间云内预击穿过程的主要原因。 关键词 地闪, 正电荷区, 预击穿过程 资助课题：国家自然科学基金项目和国家重大基础研究项目课题（2004CB4183 06）。 作者简介：张义军，主要从事大气电学研究。Email:zhangyj@cams.cma.gov.cn 2007-01- 中图法分类号P427.3 Positive charge region in lower part of thunderstorm and preliminar process of negative cloud to ground lightning ZHANG Yijun 1，2 MENG Qing 1,2 LU Weitao 1,2 MA Ming 1,2 ZHENG Dong 1,2 PAUL R Krehbiel 3 1. Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081,China 3. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro Abstract A new lightning locating technology, called Lightning Mapping Array (LMA), has been developed. The system takes the advantage of GPS technology to measure the times of arrival (TOA) of lightning impulsive VHF radiation events at each remote location. The temporal and 3D spatial development processes of lightning are described by measurements of the system with high time resolution (50 ns) and space precision (50-100 m). The charge structures in thunderstorms and the relationship between the charge structure and lightning discharge processes are revealed. The temporal and spatial characteristics of preliminary breakdown process in negative cloud to ground(CG) lightning discharges are analyzed based on the data of lightning VHF radiatio