牛津英语8B-Unit-3语法讲义：被动语态.docVIP

第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 6 页 牛津英语8B语法讲义：被动语态 主动语态与被动语态的概念： 英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者 ⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用) 例：They speak English. （主动语态） 主 谓 宾 English is spoken by them. （被动语态） 主 谓 介词短语 注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主 谓 宾 →The teacher is listened to by us 　　carefully in class. 主　　　　　 谓　　 介词短语 ⑵Ｗe laughed at him . →He was laughed at by us. 被动语态的结构与用法： ㈠结构：be +done (过去分词) 被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。 　注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。 ㈡用法： 　例：①History is made by the people. (一般现在时) ②The cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时) ③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时) ④Ｔhe room must be kept clean.　（含有情态动词的被动语态） ⑤The door is being opened.　（现在进行时） ⑥The film has been seen by me.　（现在完成时） 注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法 时 态　　　 动词的被动形式　　　　例　　　　　　　　句　　一般现在时 is done　　　　　 He is asked to do this.　　一般过去时 was done　　　　 The story was told by her mother.　　一般将来时will be done　　 The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 现在进行时is being done　　　The novel is being written.　　过去进行时was being done　　At that time the desk was being made.现在完成时has been done　　 The house has been built.　　过去完成时had been done　　 They said that their work had been finished.过去将来时would be done　　He said the trees would be planted soon.　　 被动语态的各种句型： Ｔhe song is liked by young people. (肯定句) Ｔhe song isn’t liked by young people　　（否定句） Is the song liked by young people ?　　　（一般疑问句） Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?　（特殊疑问句） 主动语态改被动语态的方法： 方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语 ⑵动词改为变动形式be done(同时注意时态) ⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去 例：The man killed a tiger. → A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面) 特殊句型的被动语态： ⑴含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。 例：①Mother often m