人教版初中英语知识语法-被动语态.ppt

中考语法精讲——被动语态 我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？ 苹果被… 苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态 We speak English. 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者。 谓语speak的动作是由主语we执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。 两种语态 English is spoken by many people. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态 主语English是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We clean our classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 主动语态 Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们的教室每天被打扫。 被动语态 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 二、被动语态的基本构成： be+动词的过去分词（be+done) be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化 1）.一般现在时am/is/are +done  We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day. He put on a coat. A coat was put on by him. 2）.一般过去时was/were+done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 3）.一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done  They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow He is going to write a letter to his mother. A letter is going to be written to his mother by him. 4）.现在完成时has /have +been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 5）.含有情态动词的被动语态 can/may/must/should +be done I can find him. He can be found by me. 三、被动语态的用法 1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。 The windoe was broken last night. Rice is grown in the south of China. Many trees should be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。 2. 强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 3. 动作不是由人发出的。 许多房屋被冲走了。 Many houses were washed away by the flood. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 We speak English. 主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾变主,主变宾,前加by 主动语态 被动语态 ?1. Tom broke the window.?? ?? The window was broken by Tom. ? 2.He broke the windows.? ??? The windows were broken by him. Be要随着主语变 逻辑主语by来引 Exercise: He rides the motorbike to his factory every day. The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day. Exercise: We call the snowman Mr. Strong. The snowman is called Mr. Strong. Exercise: He bought some fruits yesterday. So