五轴数控机床进给系统刚度对自由曲面轮廓误差影响-机械工程学报.pdf

第 52 卷第 21 期 机 械 工 程 学 报 Vol.52 No.21 2016 年 11 月 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Nov. 2 0 1 6 DOI ：10.3901/JME.2016.21.146 五轴数控机床进给系统刚度对自由曲面轮廓误差 影响机理研究* 王 伟 张心羽 梅 雄 （电子科技大学机械电子工程学院 成都 611731 ） 摘要：五轴数控机床进给系统组成结构复杂，特别是在复杂曲面加工过程中其动态刚度不断发生变化，成为制约其加工精度 的主要因素。研究过程中以五轴机床运动产生的弹性变形为出发点，建立了 A/C 双摆头机床进给系统动力学模型，推导了 因进给系统弹性变形导致的轮廓加工误差，并基于一种新型的自由曲面检验试件，给出了其数控加工过程的运动控制策略， 分析了轮廓度误差与试件曲率间的关系，得到了数控机床进给系统刚度特性对自由曲面轮廓误差的影响机理，最后在机床上 进行了切削验证。上述研究成果有助于完成复杂曲面加工过程中机床工作性能评估，为利用检验试件分析机床动态刚度特性 提供了原理性支持。 关键词：五轴数控机床；自由曲面试件；动态刚度；弹性变形；轮廓误差 中图分类号：TH161 Research on the Mechanism of Free Surface Contour Error Caused by the Stiffness of Feed System of Five-axis Machine Tools WANG Wei ZHANG Xinyu MEI Xiong (School of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China， Chengdu 611731) Abstract ：The complex structures of feed system are the main components of five-axis CNC machine tool. Particularly during the processing, the dynamic stiffness of feed system change with the motions of each axis, which present the performance limit of cutting free-form surface. The model of the elastic deformation of the feed system on an A/C machine tool is established. Based on a new free surface specimen, the contouring errors caused by deformation are analyzed. The motions of five axes are simulated by a cross constraint control strategy then the contouring errors on different curvature of the specimen are obtained. The mechanism of elastic deformation of feed rate on courting errors is explained and verified by the cutting experiments. Presenting, measuring and evaluation these limits are easy for the user to understand the challenging of elastic deformation of the