英语语言学复习整理.docVIP

Language and Linguistics What are design features of language? (P 2-P 12) language is systematic language is symbolic language is arbitrary language is primarily vocal language is human specific language is used for communication What are general functions of language? Please illustrate your point with examples. (P 14-P 17) physiological function phatic function recording function identifying function communicating function pleasure function reasoning function Distinctions between Langue and Parole (P 29) langue parole the abstract system a collective body of knowledge a kind of common reference manual acquired by all members of a community of speakers. the particular actualities of individual utterance the contingent executive side of things the relatively superficial behavioral reflexes of knowledge the use of language of utterances. Distinctions between synchronic and diachronic (P 30) The diachronic study refers to the description of the historical development of a language. The synchronic study refers to the description of a particular state of a language at a single point of time. It is necessary for the synchronic description to find out these systematic rules as they operate in the language at a particular time. Distinctions between competence and performance (P 33) Competence refers to the know that native speakers have of their language as system of abstract formal relations. Performance refers to what we do when we speak or listen, that is, the infinite varied individual acts of verbal behavior with their irregularities, inconsistences, and errors. Phonetics and Phonology What is phonetics and its three subdivisions? (P 43) Phonetics is the scientific study of speech and is concerned with defining and classifying speech sounds. Articulatory phonetics Acoustic phonetics Auditory phonetics Distinctions among bilabial, dental, alveolar, labiodental, velar sounds. (P 47-P 49) Bilabial are articulations made with the upper and lower lips brought together.