电磁场与电磁波第25讲矩形波导的传播特性.ppt

Electromagnetic Field and Wave 电磁场与电磁波 * Review 1. General Wave Behaviors along Uniform Guiding Structures * * Main topic 1. Rectangular Waveguides * 1. Rectangular Waveguides Select the rectangular coordinate system and let the broad side be placed along the x-axis, the narrow side along the y-axis, and the propagating direction be along the z-axis. a z y x b ? ,? For TM waves, Hz = 0 , and according to the method of longitudinal fields, the component Ez should first be solved, and from which the other components can be derived. The z-component of the electric field intensity can be written as 1.1 TM waves * It satisfies the following scalar Helmholtz equation, i.e. In order to solve the above equation, the method of separation of variables is used. Let We obtain where X denotes the second derivative of X with respect to x, and Y denotes the second derivative of Y with respect to y. * The only way the equation can be satisfied is that both terms on the left side are constants. Now let where k x and k y are called the separation constants, and they can be found by using the boundary conditions. Obviously * where all the constants C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 , and k x , k y , depend on the boundary conditions. The two equations are second order ordinary differential equations, and the general solutions, are respectively The z-component of the electric field intensity can be written as Boundary conditions: a z y x b ? ,? * * And all the field components are where * The cutoff of a particular mode is the condition that makes ? vanish. For the TMmn mode the cutoff frequency is Alternatively, we may write Where ?c is the cutoff wavelength. * 1，电磁波的相位仅与变量 z 有关，而振幅与 x, y 有关。因此，在Z方向上为行波，在 X 及 Y 方向上形成驻波。 2，z 等于常数的平面为波面。但振辐与 x, y 有关，因此上述TM波为非均匀的平面波； 3，当 m 或 n 为零时，上述各个分量均为零，因此 m 及 n 应为非零的整数。 m 及 n 具有明显的物理意义，m 为宽壁上的半个驻波的数目， n 为窄壁上半个驻波的数目。 4，由于m 及 n 为多值，因此场结构均具有多种模式。 m 及 n 的每一种组合构成一种模式，以TMmn表示。 例如 TM11表示 m = 1, n = 1 的场结构，具有