植物激素——独脚金内酯.pptVIP

Striga asiatica Image courtesy of Prof. Julie Scholes Mamadou Cissoko Rice field infested with Striga Parasitic plants infect 60% of farmlands in sub-Saharan Africa Image source USDA APHIS PPQ Archive Agricultural practices can reduce crop losses from Striga Photo courtesy Ken Hammond (USDA) Before planting, apply germination stimulants to promote “suicidal germination” (no host = no survival) Apply fertrilizers to reduce SL production by crop plants. These methods are prohibitively expensive in many parts of the developing world. Intercropping with beneficial plants can reduce Striga infestation Maize?intercropped with ?Desmodium uncinatum Desmodium is a nitrogen-fixing legume that enriches soil, and also produces allelopathic chemicals that interfere with Striga parasitism Hassanali, A., Herren, H., Khan, Z.R., Pickett, J.A. and Woodcock, C.M. (2008). Integrated pest management: the push–pull approach for controlling insect pests and weeds of cereals, and its potential for other agricultural systems including animal husbandry. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 363: 611-621 copyright 2008 The Royal Society. Do all SLs promote Striga germination and affect branching? 5-Deoxystrigol Orobanchol 2’-epi-orobanchol Sorgomol Solanacol Orobachyl acetate Strigyl acetate Strigol Sorgolactone Fabacyl acetate 7-oxoorobanchyl acetate Orobanchyl acetate A B C D There are many different naturally occurring SLs – how does their structure affect their function? Saturated (3,6-dihydro-) GR24 do not induce Striga germination Isomer I Isomer II Isomer III Isomer IV GR24 Enol ether Isomers of saturated GR24 …but an isomer of saturated GR24 promotes interactions with AM fungi Adapted from Akiyama, K., Ogasawara, H., Ito, S. and Hayashi, H. (2010) Structural requirements of strigolactones for hyphal branching in AM fungi. Plant Cell Physiol., 51: 1104-1117. Can we make synthetic SLs with beneficial but not detrimental effects? YES Can we engineer plants to make these? MAYBE AM fungi Strig