Competition and facilitation in synthetic communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi英文学习资料.pdfVIP

Molecular Ecology (2014) 23, 733–746 doi: 10.1111/mec.12625 Competition and facilitation in synthetic communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ´ ˇ CE CILE THONAR,* † EMMANUEL FROSSARD,* PETR S MILAUER ‡ and JAN JANSA* § *Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland, †Research Institute for Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse, 5070 Frick, Switzerland, ‡Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, §Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vıdenska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic Abstract Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species cocolonizing the same host plant are still little understood in spite of major ecological significance of mycorrhizal symbiosis and widespread occurrence of these fungi in communities rather than alone. Furthermore, shifting the composition of AMF communities has demonstrated consequences for the provision of symbiotic benefits to the host as well as for the qualities of ecosystem services. Therefore, here we addressed the nature and strength of interactions between three different AMF species in all possible two- species combinations on a gradient of inoculation densities. Fungal communities were established in pots with Medicago