金属在某些环境中的腐蚀.pptVIP

第三章 金属在某些环境中的腐蚀 3.3.1 Introduction Soil corrosion is a complex phenomenon, with a multitude of variables involved. Chemical reactions involving almost each of the existing elements are known to take place in soils, many of which are not yet fully understood. Variations in soil properties and characteristics across three dimensions can have a major impact on corrosion of buried structures. Various types of soil differ considerably in structure and composition, and therefore also in corrosivity to materials. Also climatic influences (precipitation, temperature) and their fluctuations, air movements (erosion, aeration), and sunlight may very much influence the properties of the soil and therefore the corrosion behavior of materials in soil. Some general rules: Soils with high moisture content, high electrical conductivity, high acidity, and high dissolved salts will be most corrosive. The effect of aeration(通风) on soils is somewhat different from the effect of aeration in water because poorly aerated conditions in soils can lead to accelerated attack by sulfate-reducing(硫酸盐还原) anaerobic bacteria(厌氧细菌). 3.3.2 Soil Variables a.Water Water(liquid) ----- the essential electrolyte saturated / unsaturated water flow unsaturated ----- represents movement of water from wet areas towards dry soil areas. Saturated water flow is dependent on pore(孔) size and distribution, texture, structure, and organic matter. b.Degree of aeration c.pH Soils usually have a pH range of 5-8. More acidic soils obviously represent a serious corrosion risk to common construction materials such as steel, cast iron and zinc coatings. d.Resistivity Resistivity has historically been used as a broad indicator of soil corrosivity. Since ionic current flow is associated with soil corrosion reactions, high soil resistivity will arguable slow down corrosion reactions. e.Redox potential The redox potential essentially is a measure of the degree of aeration in a soil. An high redox potential in