语言学文化社会.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Language, Culture and Society Language and Culture Ⅰ. Introduction: Language, culture and society, intrinsically dependent on each other, have evolved together through the history. Ⅱ. What is culture? In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. ? ? In a narrow sense, culture may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture, etc. ? There are generally two types of culture: material and spiritual. Ⅲ. The reationship between L ＆ C: Generally, the relation of L to C is that of part to whole, for L is part of C. 1. Language is heavily tinted with its culture: Eg: dog, rose/lotus, widow’s peak, dragon Language expresses cultural reality. Language embodies cultural identity. 2. To dig it further, a language as a system of signs with their own cultural substances and values, may be viewed as a symbol of social identity. 3. language is an indispensable carrier of culture. Culture finds a better representation through language use. For example: Calligraphy It is language that has played a major role in socializing the people and in perpetuating culture, especially in print form. 4. In addition, culture also affects its people’s imagination or common dreams which are mediated through the language and reflected in their life. For example： 5. It is extremely difficult to separate the two. The heritage concerning the study of language and culture: At the start of the 20th century, AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ORIENTATION in the study of language was developed both in England and in North America. England: Malinowski’s study马林诺夫斯基的研究: the word wood on the Trobriand Islands off eastern New Guinea Speech community 言语社区 Firth’s study 弗斯的研究: Context of Situation情景语境 Halliday’s study韩礼德的研究: The study of la