工艺安全完整性管理.ppt

The picture shows the damage caused by the Texas City fire of 1947 and the remains of the Monsanto plant. Seventy -two employees died instantly and ninety -five were still missing a week later. Twenty-two of the twenty-four chemists that monitored production were killed in the explosion. Please note the locations of the two ships. The Grandcamp that caused the initial explosion and fire and the High Flyer which exploded later due to burning sulfur in a cargo hold.工 厂 的72 位 雇 员 当 场 死 亡、95 位 一 周 后 仍 然 下 落 不 明。 24 位 化 学 师 中， 当 时 正 在 监 控 生 产 的 22 位 在 爆 炸 中 丧 生。 请 注 意 两 条 轮 船 的 位 置。 Bhopal, India 印 度 泊 帕 尔 December 3, 1984 A leak of 200 tons of methyl isocyanate at Union Carbide’s facility in Bhopal killed an estimated 2,000 people and injured as many as 100,000 others. 1984 年 12 月 3 日 联 合 碳 化 物 厂 200 吨 异 氰 酸 甲 酯 溢 漏， 估 计 有 2,000 人 丧 生、 另 有 100,000 人 受 伤。 Flixborough(England) On June 1, 1974 a vapor cloud explosion destroyed the Nypro cyclohexane oxidation plant at Flixborough, England killing 28 people. Other plants on the site were seriously damaged or destroyed and the site presented a scene of utter devastation. The accident was traced to a poorly qualified design team that were asked to design and install temporary piping. Piper Alpha BP America Refinery ExplosionTexas City, TX, March 23, 2005 Lesson Learning from incidents从事故中吸取教训 这些事故为什么会发生？Why did it occurse? 工艺设计不合理 Designed issue 项目建设有缺陷 Defectiveness of project construction 人员的操作不规范 Did not follow the procedure 设备本体有缺陷Defectiveness of Equipments 设备维护保养不适当 Improper Equipment Maintenance ---e.g Process Safety V/s Process Safety Integrity Management工艺安全 V/s 工艺安全完整性管理  MECHANICAL INTEGRITY-REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION机械完整性-所需的文件 Maintenance procedures 维护程序 TI procedures 测试和检查程序 QA procedures 质量保证程序 Records of tests and inspections 测试和检查记录 MECHANICAL INTEGRITY-SUGGESTED DOCUMENTATION机械完整性-推荐的文件 List of equipment included in the Ml program 机械完整性计划中所涵盖设备的清单 Documentation of annual