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高二年级培优英语试题 PAGE 13 定语从句讲与练 定语从句（1）——关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 定语从句（2）——关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\介词+ which\结构，因此常常和\介词+ which\结构交替使用，例如：  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\介词+ which\引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 定语从句（3）——判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.  I\ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.  判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）  （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.  （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.  （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.  （对） I\ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the count