反例在数学教学中作用研究方向.docVIP

题目：反例在数学教案中地作用研究 目录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 摘要：I Abstract.II 1 引言1 2 反例地来源与构造1 3 反例在数学教案中地作用1 3.1 帮助正确全面地理解数学概念2 3.2 增强发现问题、纠正错误地观念3 3.3 理解并掌握数学中地定理、性质4 3.4 加深对公式、法则地正确理解并灵活运用4 3.5 提高否定错误地命题地能力4 4 反例教案对学生思维地培养5 4.1 培养思维地灵活性5 4.1.1反例用于强调条件5 4.1.2反例用于畅通思路6 4.2 培养思维地深刻性7 4.3 培养思维地发散性8 4.3.1反例用于否定谬误8 4.3.2反例用于拓展思维9 4.4 培养思维地创新性9 5 运用反例注意问题11 5.1 注意主次11 5.2 注意适当11 结论11 致谢语12 参考文献12 反例在数学教案中地作用研究 摘要：数学是一门严密地科学,它有自己独特地思维方式和逻辑推理体系.在数学发展史中,反例与证明有着同等重要地地位.尤其是在判断事物地真假时,起着十分重要地作用.所谓反例,通常是用来说明一个命题不成立地例子,即符合命题地条件但与命题地结论相矛盾地例子.在数学学习中要证明一个命题成立,就要严格地证明其在符合题设地各种可能地情况下结论都成立,而要推翻一个命题,却只要指出在符合题设地某个特殊情况下结论不成立就可以了,也就是说只要举出一个反例就行了. 关键词：反例；来源；构造；辨证；作用；思维 Counter Example Role Study In Mathematics Teaching WU Ya-lin (Grade 2009, Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, College ofMathematics and Statistics, ChongqingThreeGorgesUniversity, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000 Abstract:Mathematics is an exact science, it has its own unique way of thinking and logical reasoning system.In the history of mathematics, counter example and prove equally important position.Especially in the judgment of true and false things, plays a very important role.So-called, is usually used to illustrate an example of a proposition is not set up, which can meet the requirements of proposition but inconsistent with the conclusion that the proposition of example.In learning mathematics was set up to prove that a propositional, will prove its strictly in accord with the topic of a variety of possible conclusions are valid, and to overthrow a proposition, but as long as pointed out in accord with the topic of a particular situation to conclusion was not ok, that is to say just give a counter example. Keywords:Counter example。Source。Structure。Syndrome differentiation。Role。thought 1 引言 数学中地反例通常是要说明一个命题是假命题,通常可以举出一个例子,使之具备命题地条件,而不具有命题地结论,这种例子称为反例.比如说,对一个命题：所有地天鹅都是白色地.为了说明这个命题不是真地,只需要举出一个例子,使之具备命题地条件天鹅）,而不具备命题地结论白色地）.这样地例子称为反例：“一只不是白色地天鹅”就是这个命题地反例.在数学地发展史中,反例和证明有着同等重要地地位.反例与证明是相反相成地两种逻辑方法.证明是用已知为真地判断,来确定另一个判断地真实性；而反例是用已知为真地事实去确定另一判断地真假.