英语词类(配合练习试题).ppt

Predicative ( 表语) 表语用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如 be, become ,get, look, turn, seem 等)之后. He is an astronaut(宇航员). His job is to teach English. What I want to know is when we will have the sports meeting. 表语一般由名词,代词,形容词, 数词,不定式,动名词,过去分词, 以及表语从句表示. 定语 (Attribute) 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的,如： I like red apple .我喜欢红苹果． 一般为形容词。除形容词之外，数词、名词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等，都可作定语。 They made paper flowers. 他们生产纸花。 I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。 状语 (Adverbial) 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的，时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He always comes late to school. 作状语的词有副词或相当于副词的短语、从句。 补语 (Complement) 英语中有些及物动词虽然有了宾语，但句子的意思仍不完整，还需要在宾语之后增加一个成分以补足其意义，这种成分叫宾语补语。 I found the book interesting. He made himself known to them. 能作宾语补语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式、分词。 同位语(Appositive) 同位语用来对一个词或词的内容加以补充和说明。它通常位于其说明的词或词组之后。 We Chinese are hard-working. You two are very lazy. The truth that he has never been abroad makes me suprised. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 状 语 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 二：Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 三：Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋谓＋表） 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） ?1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓） ?Time flies. ?1) S + Vi + adverbial(状语） ?Birds sing beautifully. ?2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语） ??He went on holiday. ?3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式） ?We stopped to have a rest. ?4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词） ?Ill go swimming. 2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）?We like English.?1) S + VT + N/Pron?I like music.?2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）?I want to help him.?常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, propose, purpose, refuse, want, 等。?3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive?I dont know what to do.?常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, thi