牛津英语不定式、现在分词和过去分词.ppt

非谓语动词 语法讲解 洪外 黄蓓蓓 1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等. 1.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.I’m glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you 1.Swimming is his favourite sport. 2.He enjoys swimming. 3.I found him swimming in the river. 4.His favourite sport is swimming. 5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool. 1.This cup is broken. 2.This is a broken cup. 3.I found the cup broken. 4.Broken by Tom, the cup can’t be used. ★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语. 3.分词的用法比较 A.在时态上 1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing. 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed. 3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成） ▲B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词） 1.I saw him writing a short novel. =that he was writing a short novel. 2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens. ▲在概念上，ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶然、将来”. *Swimming (抽象）is my favourite sport and I like swimming(习惯）every day, but I don’t like to swim(具体）today, I would like to swim(将来）tomorrow. ▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语. The platform having been built will be used to perform on. × 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. √ The platform which has been built will be used to perform on. √ 2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing. D.▲ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替. 1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you. 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以写成=To