论海上货物运输中承运人迟延履行的赔偿责任.docVIP

第 PAGE 4 页 摘 要 “现代国际贸易对航运服务提出了更迅速、更准时的要求，在激烈的商业竞争环境中迅速准时的交付已变得和货物的安全同等重要。”《汉堡规则》第一次在国际公约中明确提出了迟延交付问题，顺应这种国际立法趋势，《中华人民共和国海商法》（本文简称《海商法》）对承运人迟延交付做出规定，为解决迟延交付的有关争议提供了法律依据。但是，《海商法》并未完全借鉴《汉堡规则》迟延交付的有关规定，将未在对一个勤勉的承运人所能合理要求的时间内交付货物也定义为迟延交付。同时，《海商法》在承运人对迟延交付应承担的赔偿责任的范围以及赔偿限额等方面的规定，也存在一定的缺陷。鉴于此，对于海上货物运输中的迟延交付问题，司法实践中存在着大量的争议。 本文试图从迟延履行责任的构成要件、承运人对迟延履行造成损失的赔偿责任、免责事由、责任限制和责任期间入手，通过比较《海牙规则》、《海牙－维斯比规则》和《汉堡规则》和联合国国际贸易法委员会第三工作组（运输法）第十九届会议的[全程或部分][海上]货物运输公约草案(本文简称UNCITRAL《运输法》(草案))、主要海运国家的海上货物运输法、我国《海商法》和《合同法》的有关规定，并结合国内外的一些判例，探讨海上货物运输中承运人迟延履行的赔偿责任问题，并对我国《海商法》中迟延交付的法律缺陷提出自己的粗浅看法。 本文第一章从承运人迟延履行责任的构成要件入手，重点讨论我国《海商法》第50条中迟延交付的范围问题。第二章从损失、迟延履行与损失的因果关系和免责事由三个方面论述承运人对迟延履行损失的赔偿责任，其中重点讨论了迟延交付造成的经济损失。第三章从单位赔偿责任限制和经济损失的通知时间的角度讨论了《海商法》中限制承运人迟延履行损失的赔偿范围的特有的法律规定。第四章从责任期间的角度重点论述了承运人的责任期间之外的迟延履行损失的赔偿责任。 关键字 海上货物运输，迟延履行，赔偿责任 ABSTRACT In the modern world the international trade demands more swift and punctual carriage service, and the swift and punctual delivery has become as important as the safety of the cargo in the competitive commercial environment. It is Hamburg Rules that first made provisions regarding delay in delivery in the international convention. Accordingly, the Maritime Code of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Chinese Maritime Code) also applies to delay in delivery. Yet, the Chinese Maritime Code does not lay down regulations regarding the reasonable time during which the carrier should deliver the cargo. Meantime, the Chinese Maritime Code has some flaws in the regulations as to the measures of damages arising from delay in delivery and the limitation of liability. Therefore many disputes arise from delay in delivery in the judicial practice. The paper tries to study the carrier liability for delay in delivery in comparison with the relevant regulations in the international conventions, Transport Law Draft convention on the carriage of goods [wholly or partly][by sea], the acts of the carriage of goods by sea of some countries and our country