曲柄导杆滑块机构设计外文翻译.docVIP

PAGE Mechanism Introduction to Mechanism Mechanisms may be categorized in several different ways to emphasize their similarities and differences. One such grouping divides mechanisms into planar, sphe-rical, and spatial categories. All three groups have many things in common; the criterion, which distinguishes the groups, however, is to be found in the characteristics of the motions of the links. A planar mechanism is one in which all particles describe plane curves in space and all these curves lie in parallel planes; i. e., the loci of all points are plane curves parallel to a single common plane. This characteristic makes it possible to represent the locus of any chosen point of a planar mechanism in its true size and shape on a single drawing or figure. The motion transformation of any such mechanism is called coplanar. The plane four-bar linkage, the plate cam and follower, and the slider-crank mechanism are familiar examples of planar mechanisms. The vast majority of mechanisms in use today are planar. A spherical mechanism is one in which each link has some point which remains stationary as the linkage moves and in which the stationary points of all links lie at a common location; i.e., the locus of each point is a curve contained in a spherical surface, and the spherical surfaces defined by several arbitrarily chosen points are all concentric. The motions of all particles can therefore be completely described by their radial projections, or shadows, on the surface of a sphere with properly chosen center. Hookes universal joint is perhaps the most familiar example of a spherical mechanism. Spherical linkages are constituted entirely of revolute pairs. A spheric pair would produce no additional constraints and would thus be equivalent to an opening in the chain, while all other lower pairs have nonspheric motion. In spheric linkages, the axes of all revolute pairs must intersect at a point. Spatial mechanisms, include no restrictions on the relative moti