人教版-高一英语定语从句全面讲解与练习.docxVIP

PAGE 1 - 定语从句 定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 例如 a clever boy the boiling water fallen leaves The boy in the classroom needs a pen. The man standing there is my teacher. 定语从句：一个句子充当定语 The boy who is reading needs the pen. 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。 短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 Ⅰ. 概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。分为关系代词和关系副词。 (4) 定语从句基本构成：先行词+关系词+从句A) 关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 1.The student who answered the question was John. 2. I know the reason why he was so angry. 3. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. 4. I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. B)简单句变定语从句 例1：The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there. The girl (who is standing there ) is Mary. 如何改写定语从句? 1、找准主句和从句，并找出两个简单句的共有成分，确定先行词。 2、将从句中的共有成分去掉。 3.找准关系词，用关系词引导从句剩下的部分，并紧接在被修饰词（先行词）之后。 例2：A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. 例3：The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. C)定语从句选择关系词三步曲：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything (that) you like. （宾语）4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）3. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语） ●who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Hes a man from whom we sho