如何上好一堂儿科理论课.ppt

Characteristics of Pediatrics There are significant differences between children and adults. The younger the children, the greater the difference. Health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, and health care of children are unique from that of adults. Biologic and personality maturation are accompanied by physical and emotional turmoil, and there is redefining of the self-concept. Development a gradual change and expansion; advancement from a lower to a more advanced stage of complexity the emerging and expanding of the individuals, capacities through growth, maturation, and learning can be viewed as a qualitative change. Child growth and development Growth quantitative change Development qualitative change Matura-tion an increase in competence and adaptability; a change in the complexity of a structure that makes it possible for that structure to begin functioning to function at a higher level. All of these processes are interrelated, simultaneous, and ongoing processes; none occurs apart from the others. The processes depend on a sequence of endocrine, genetic, constitutional, environmental, and nutritional influences. The childs body becomes larger and more complex. Language Development 语言发育 Children are born with intact biologic structure of the mechanism and capacity to develop speech and language skills. Stages in Development of Language Paralinguistic stage（辅助语言）: Holophrastlc stage（单个词语）: Telegraphic stage（简略式）: Lengthy sentence （长句）: Refine language skills. （语言技巧）: Language Development 语言发育 Language Development 语言发育 The language kill under 7 years is: month 1 crying, 2 smiles, 4 make sound, 5 sound yi, 6 ya, 7 baba mama, Years 1 understand words can say one words, 2 talking, 4 singing, 7 reading and learn writing Physical Growth and Development Head Circumference head circumference is an important determinant of brain growth and potential neurologic function. It is usua