汉英句法对比简介.ppt

汉英句子翻译（1） Focus 汉英句法对比简介 Hypotactic形合 vs. Paratactic 意合 English syntax: hypotaxis Definition: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives 所谓形合，指的是句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。 Chinese syntax: parataxis Definition: The arranging of clauses one after another without connectives showing the relation between them 所谓意合，指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。 英语造句注重显性衔接(overt cohesion),注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显义。主要的衔接方式有： 1、关系词和关联词 For example When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. 为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。 All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。 2、介词的使用 R. Bander 指出：“A preposition may be defined as a connecting word showing the relation of a noun or substitute for a noun to some other word in the sentence… Prepositions appear constantly in English speech and writing… Over 90% of preposition usage involves these nine prepositions: with, to, from, at, in, of, by, for and and.” The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside. 彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。 Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current. 电流可以把动力传送到很远的地方，其消耗几乎可以忽略不计。 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 3、词性变化、时态的使用、代词的使用等。 He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for 16 hours a day. 他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国的土地就获得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁的孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂。 汉语注重隐性连贯(covert coherence)，注重逻辑事理顺序，注重功能、意义。汉语意合的主要方式有： 1、语序 汉语分句之间虽无连接词