树突状细胞和动脉粥样硬化,文献抄读.pptVIP

Dendritic cells(DCs) and atherosclerosis Introduction Of DCs Initially described in the skin by Langerhans in 1868, dendritic cells (DCs) were identified as antigen-presenting cells in 1973 by the pioneering work of Steinman and Cohn.?In all tissues and all pathological conditions, DCs are minor cell populations but they are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. DCs are members of both innate and adaptive immune systems. DCs have a potent antigen-presenting capacity for the stimulation of naive, memory, and effector T cells. DCs are capable of activating not only conventional T cells but also natural killer T (NKT) cells. Origin, migratory routes of DCs The general concept on the life cycle of DCs involves three stages. They originate from haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate as precursors in the blood stream, taking residence in target tissues at sites of potential antigen entry. Within these tissues, they give rise to immature interstitial DCs that act as sentinels, which continuously and efficiently sample the antigenic content of their microenvironment. In the steady state, immature DCs capture harmless self-antigens in the absence of inflammatory signals. They might enter the regional lymphnodes to present the self-antigen to naive or resting T cells, which will be deleted by the induction of apoptosis, silenced by the induction of anergy or primed to become regulatory T cells(Tregs). In contrast, when infection and tissue damage occurs, immature DCs take up antigens in the presence of inflammatory signals, which cause activation and functional transformation into mature DCs, there by down regulating endocytotic capacity and upregulating chemokine receptors ( e.g., CCR-7), adhesion (e.g., CD50) and activation molecules needed for antigen presentation ( e.g., CD83, CD86). Meanwhile they exit the nonlymphoid tissues to migrate via afferent Lymph to lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes or spleen), where they complete maturation. Mature DCs wi