英语中的各种语法.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * 动词的时态(Verb Tenses ) 以动词 do 为例，将16种时态列表如 下 一般现在时（The Present Tense) 1.形式：主语+ 动词（第 三人称单数+s/es) 2.基本用法： 表示反复发生的习惯动作或存在的状态： He gets up at six every day. 表示客观事实和主语的特征、能力等 The earth moves round the sun. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作（常用方位动词 come,go,arrive,start,stay) The train starts at nine o’clock. 在时间或条件状语从句中：If it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming. 3.标志：every month, often, once a week等. 一般过去时（The Past Tense) 1.形式：主语+ 动词的过去式 2.基本用法: 表示过去的动作或状态：I saw him yesterday. 表示过去的某一段时间内经常的动作（可用 used to do表示)When I studied in the College,I read aloud every morning. I used to like fish. 3.标志：yesterday,last week ,three days ago in 1994等；或when 引导的从句 . 一般将来时（The Future Tense ) 1.形式：主语+will+动词原形 2.基本用法: 表示将来的动作或状态：He will come and help me tomorrow. 表示将来经常发生的动作或状态：We will go for an outing every other week. 3.标志：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow next month,soon, in future, in 2008 一般将来时不同表达法 will+ do. We won’t have any classes tomorrow. be going to do .It is going to rain be to do. They are to meet in front of the hall. be about to do. The conference is about to begin. 常用方位动词 （ come,go,arrive,start,stay)的现在时，表示安排或计划好的将来的动作。 My friend is arriving here next week. 在时间或条件状语从句中： If it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming 现在进行时（Present Continuous ） 1.形式：主语+am/is /are + doing 2.基本用法: 表示此刻正在进行的动作：What are you doing here? 表示现阶段的正在进行的动作或状态: We are doing an experiment this month. 表示安排或计划好的将来的动作（常用方位动词 come,go,arrive,start,stay). He is coming here next week. 3.标志: now,at present, currently look, listen 现在完成时(The Present Perfect) 1.形式：Have(has)+ 过去分词 2.基本用法: 表示动作现在已经完成：We have just come back. 表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响：They have finished the work. 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且可能继续延续 I have studied English since I was six. 3.标志：already,just ,yet, recently(lately) so far(up to now) since ,for. ever, before 过去将来时(The past Future) 1.形式 由“shall或will的过去式should或would+动词原形”或was (were )going to