translation skills--特殊句式的翻译.ppt

翻译技巧（十五）句子的翻译 汉语特殊句式的翻译 TRANSLATION SKILLS 翻译技巧（十五） 句子的翻译（5） 汉语特殊句式的翻译 汉语中有些常见句型如”是”字句、”得”字句、”把”字句、”搞”字句等，其翻译没有、也不可能有固定的公式可以套用，如汉语的判断词“是”不一定总是翻译成英语的系动词be。但是，通过纷繁的译例，我们仍然可以探索出翻译这些句型的有效方法和策略。 “是”字句的翻译 “是”字句的翻译 “是”字是汉语中比较特殊的动词，他不是表示动作或行为，而是表示判断和肯定，在汉语语法中通常被称为“判断词”， 通常情况下可以用英语相应时态，人称和数的变化的连系动词“be” 与之对应，但汉语中的“是”并非总是表示判断和肯定，它是一个含义极其丰富的句式，因而成为汉语中的特殊句式。 “是”字句的翻译 1. 表示等同，类属和特征，译为主系表结构 （1）改革是振兴中国的唯一出路，是人心所向,大势 所趋,不可逆转。 Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized, a process which is irreversible and which accords with the will of the people and the general trend of events. “是”字句的翻译 （2）她分明已经纯粹是个乞丐了。 She had clearly become a beggar pure and simple. （3） 李白是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。 Li Bai was one of the most famous poets in Chinese history. （4）这条河原来是非常清澈的。 The river was originally very clean “是”字句的翻译 2. 表示加强语气，英译时添加表示强调的副词或使用强调句。 （1）这孩子是可爱的。 The child is lovely indeed. （2）我不是不懂，是不想说。 It is not that I didn’t understand, but that I didn’t want to say anything. 3. “是…的”，表示强调或被动。 （1）去年是在北京碰到王大夫的。 It was in Beijing that I met Doctor Wang last year. （2）这首优美的歌曲是一名残疾人谱写的。 This graceful song is composed by a handicapped man. “是”字句的翻译 4. 表示“存在”，译为存在句there be,倒装或与句中动词合译。 （1）这座村庄背后是一座大山，前面是一条小河，东边是稻田。 A. There is a big mountain behind the village, a small river in front of it and a paddy field to the east of it. B. Behind the village stands a big mountain, in front of it flows a small river and to the east of it lies a paddy field. （2）3000米跑下来，他满身是汗。 After a three-thousand-run, he was sweating all over. “是”字句的翻译 5. 表示“凡是”，译为疑问词+ever或every （1）是重活,他都抢着干。 Whenever there’s a tough job, he is always the first to do it. （2）是人，总有春风得意时。 Every dog has its day. 6. 表示被动 革命者是杀不完的。 Revolutionaries can never be wiped out. “是”字句的翻译 7. 表示让步，译为让步状语从句或转折句 （1）他们穷是穷，但很快乐。 Although they were poor, they were happy. （2）这件大衣是好，就是贵了点。 The coat is of good quality, but it is too expensive. “得”字句的翻译 “得