论美国民事诉讼证据开示制度地新发展.pdf

effect, the summary of the reform experience and lessons can provide some useful reference or give some warnings to the perfection of our country‟s civil pretrial evidence exchange system. The third part analyzes the feasibility of learning and referencing the civil discovery system in the United States of America, and puts forward the idea of perfecting our country‟s pretrial evidence exchange system in civil lawsuit according to the actual legislation and judicial situation of our country. From the thinking of strengthen ing the main body status of the parties and protecting the rights of the parties to obtain evidence, we can consider introducing some specific practices of the discovery system of the United States of America, but as the specific legal environments are different, there should also be some proper adjustments to prevent the endemic phenomenon in the process of legal transplanting. Key words ：Disclosure; Pleading Standard; Recent Advance; Civil Evidence Exchange 2 目 录 引 言 1 一、美国民事诉讼证据开示制度新发展的原因 2 （一）美国民事诉讼证据开示制度新发展的背景 2 （二）影响美国民事诉讼证据开示制度新发展的具体因素 3 （三）美国民事诉讼证据开示制度新发展贯穿的法律理念 7 二、美国民事诉讼证据开示制度新发展的主要表现 10 （一）最初自动开示 10 （二）关联性规则 13 （三）暂停证据开示 15 （四）电子证据开示 19 （五）证据开示的方法 22 （六）制裁措施 26 三、美国民事诉讼证据开示制度新发展对我国的借鉴意义 31 （一）我国民事诉讼审前证据交换制度的现状与缺陷 32 （二）借鉴美国民事诉讼证据开示制度新发展成果的具体建议 38 参考文献 43 1 论美国民事诉讼证据开示制度的新发展 引 言 证据开示制度的设计初衷是为了防止诉讼突袭，保障司法公正。但滥用证据开示的 现象愈发普遍，证据开示程序甚至转变为整个诉讼的核心。滥用证据开示不但是造成诉 讼拖延的最重要原因之一，而且带来了高昂的诉讼费用，据统计，在美国各类民事诉讼 案件中，仅证据开示花费一项就占到诉讼费用总额的50%至90% 。对证据开示制度进行 改革的强烈诉求引