熔融焊接过程.pptVIP

Chapter 30 Fusion Welding Processes Manufacturing, Engineering Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid. ISBN 0-13-148965-8. ? 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Fusion Welding Processes Oxyacetylene Flame Types Figure 30.1 Three basic types of oxyacetylene flames used in oxyfuel-gas welding and cutting operations: (a) neutral flame; (b) oxidizing flame; (c) carburizing, or reducing, flame. The gas mixture in (a) is basically equal volumes of oxygen and acetylene. (d) The principle of the oxyfuel-gas welding operation. Oxyacetylene Torch Figure 30.2 (a) General view of and (b) cross-section of a torch used in oxyacetylene welding. The acetylene valve is opened first; the gas is lit with a spark lighter or a pilot light; then the oxygen valve is opened and the flame adjusted. (c) Basic equipment used in oxyfuel-gas welding. To ensure correct connections, all threads on acetylene fittings are left-handed, whereas those for oxygen are right-handed. Oxygen regulators are usually painted green, and acetylene regulators red. Pressure-Gas Welding Process Figure 30.3 Schematic illustration of the pressure-gas welding process; (a) before, and (b) after. Note the formation of a flash at the joint, which can later be trimmed off. Gas-Tungsten Arc Welding Figure 30.4 (a) The gas tungsten-arc welding process, formerly known as TIG (for tungsten inert gas) welding. (b) Equipment for gas tungsten-arc welding operations. Figure 30.5 The effect of polarity and current type on weld beads: (a) dc current straight polarity; (b) dc current reverse polarity; (c) ac current. Plasma-Arc Welding Process Figure 30.6 Two types of plasma-arc welding processes: (a) transferred, (b) nontransferred. Deep and narrow welds can be made by this process at high welding speeds. Shielded-Metal Arc Welding Figure 30.7 Schematic illustration of the shielded metal-arc welding process. About 50% of all large-scale industrial weldin