山东省菏泽市2018年中考英语总复习 语法十 非谓语动词教案.pptVIP

* 菏泽语法十　非谓语动词 考点1 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，否定形式是在 不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己 的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作 谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 (1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式 主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“It＋be＋adj. (＋for sb. ) ＋动词不定式”。 Its important (for us) to protect the environment. (对我们来说)保护环境很重要。 (2)作表语 My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。 (3)作宾语或宾语补足语 ①接to do作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。 ②接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。 ③在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, feel, notice, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要 省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带。 make sb. do sth. 的被动语态必须加to make sb. do sth. 中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语， 但是变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。 (4)作定语 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。 ★动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系， 如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。 The cat is easy to take care of. 这只猫很容易照顾。 (5)作状语 Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter. 王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的) Were glad to meet you here. 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因) He is too tired to work on. 他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果) (6)“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构 疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接动词 不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didnt know where to go(＝where he should go)． 他不知道去哪里。 (7)含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语 too. . . to. . . 太……而不能…… Why dont you do sth. ？为什么不做某事？ had better do sth. 最好做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事 make sb. do sth. 让某人去做某事 be made to do sth. 被迫做某事 1．(2017·齐齐哈尔中考)—It takes me half an hour __ playing the piano. How about you? —I usually spend 20 minutes __it. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A．practicing; on B．to practice; in C．to practice; on C 2．(2017·绥化中考)My parents have a lot of housework __ ． A．do B．to do C．doing 3．(2017·齐齐哈尔中考)It is raining outside. Why not __ an umbrella? A．to take B．take C．taking B B 4．As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital __ them up. A．to cheer B．cheer C．cheering D．cheered 5．He found it important __ the situation all over the world. A．study