英国公共建筑能效评估方法.docVIP

英国公共建筑能效评估方法 湖南大学土木工程学院 文精卫 杨昌智 摘要：欧盟于2002年通过了关于建筑能耗的法律性文件——《建筑能效指令2002/91/EC》，以达到降低欧盟建筑整体能耗同时减少温室气体排放的目标。为此，为了使本国满足要求，欧盟各国对制定建筑能耗统一计算方法和建筑能效证书过程中的技术问题进行了大量研究。英国是欧盟内率先实施能效证书的国家之一，其颁发的证书包括能效证书和环境影响(CO2)证书，体现了建筑能耗和建筑能耗对环境的影响。这里介绍了英国在制定能效证书过程中对公共建筑进行能效评估的一些思路和方法，包括能耗目标设定、计算评估和运行评估以及评估软件等。 关键词：建筑能效证书 能效评估 计算评估 运行评估 评估软件 The methodology of energy performance rating on public building in Britain College of Civil Engineering，Hunan University Jingwei Wen ChangZhi Yang Abstract: The European Union passed a juristic document—Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of building（EPBD），which aims at decreasing greenhouse gases let as well as depressing the whole building energy consumption of the European Union. Therefore, countries of the European Union do abundant studies on technical problems of establishing a uniform calculation methodology of building energy consumption and energy performance certificate to satisfy this document, and the Britain is one of countries taking the lead in actualizing the building energy performance certificate, of which the issued certificates include energy performance certificate and environmental impact (CO2) certificate, incarnate building energy consumption and its impact on environment. This paper introduced some thoughts and methods on evaluating energy performance of public building when establishing energy performance certificates, which include energy target setting, calculated energy rating, operational rating and rating software. Key words： energy performance certificate energy performance rating calculated energy rating operational rating rating software 0 引言 2002年，欧洲议会和欧盟理事会通过的关于建筑能耗的法律性文件——《建筑能效指令2002/91/EC》（Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of building(EPBD)）明确提出，要求各国发展建筑整体能耗的统一计算方法，为新建建筑和既有建筑能耗进行评估并颁发能效证书等[1]。相关文章介绍了欧盟建筑能效证书编制的思路和方法，德国能源护照的推广发行过程及其相关内容[1] [2]，使我们对能效证书产生过程有了一定了解，但是对于建筑能效评估的具体方法还不清楚，例如，如何确定能耗基准，如何对建筑本身性能和能源管理进行评估。本文介绍了英国评估建筑能效而采取的方法，最后简单介绍针对公共建筑评估开发的软件。 1 计算工具（the calculation t