水声学的历史国内外现状及其发展方向概述.ppt

水声学的历史、国内外现状及其发展方向 报告人：何呈 部 门：江苏科技大学 电信学院 水声学Underwater Acoustics 水声学是声学的一个分支学科。 主要研究声波在水下的产生、传播和接收过程，用以解决与水下目标探测和信息传输过程有关的声学问题。 水声的重要性 声波是已知的唯一能够在水中远距离传播的波动，在这方面远比电磁波(如无线电波、光波等)好。 水声学随着海洋的开发和利用发展起来，并得到了广泛的应用。? 水声声速测量 The first being the measurement of the speed of sound in seawater, ca. 1816, by Francois Beudant, in the French Mediterranean, involving an underwater bell and a swimmer waving a flag. 水声声速测量 A more precise determination, with improved light–sound synchronization (Figure 1.2), was made in 1826 by Colladon and Sturm, in Lake Geneva. The Titanic and the Fessenden oscillator The tragic collision and subsequent sinking of RMS Titanic on the night of April 14/15, 1912 resulted in a flurry of activity and ideas directed at providing advance warning of nearby icebergs. Reginald Fessenden patented an electromagnetic transducer in 1913 and demonstrated its use by detecting the presence of an iceberg on April 27, 1914 at a distance of ‘‘nearly two miles’’ (i.e., approximately 3–4 km). This device became known as the Fessenden oscillator WW1: a sense of urgency It took an even greater tragedy, the loss of life inflicted by U-boats during WW1, to provide the focus of intellect and resources that would lead to the development of a working underwater detection system. WW1: a sense of urgency French and British efforts began in 1915, with Paul Langevin working in Paris with Russian engineer Constantin Chilowski, while A. B.Wood worked with Harold Gerrard in Manchester. The focus of the French research was on echolocation (‘‘active sonar’’ in modern terminology), while the British team concentrated initially on listening devices known as hydrophones (‘‘passive sonar’’). WW1: a sense of urgency Langevin continued with his own work in Toulon, and by February 1918 had obtained echoes from a submarine using the high-frequency (40kHz) quartz transducers. Boyle followed suit a month later with a submarine echo from a distance of 500 yd (about 460 m). The