对外汉语了的位置及用法.pdf

了 for completed actions Exercises Other terminology: aspectual particle 了 1. When should I use it? When you want to express that an action is completed. Normally 了 should be placed after main verbs or at the end of sentences. t ā m?i le sān zhā ng pi ào 他 买 了 三 张 票 HE BUY LE THREE ZHANG TICKETS He has bought 3 tickets. t ā b?ji? n láiá le 她 把 酒 拿 来 了 SHE BA WINE TAKE (TOWARDS) LE She has brought the wine. 2. When should I place the 了 at the end of a sentence, and when should I place it after the main verb of a sentence? 1. If the object of a sentence is a simple one i.e. a noun, which is not attached to a number and measure word, and not attached to a descriptive clause (的 clause), 了 can be placed at the end of the sentence. In this case the particle 了 has many functions: it may indicate the completed action, or a change of situation, it may also indicate an imminent action. s. v. o. le w?men chīf àn le 我 们 吃 饭 了. WE EAT MEAL LE We have eaten.. [Completed action] Now we are eating. (We didnt eat before.) [Change of situation] We are about to eat. (我 们 要 吃 饭 了.) 3. Is it incorrect if I place 了 after the verb in a simple-object sentence? No, it is not incorrect, but it seems as if the sentence is not yet finished. It may look like the first clause of the verb 了... 就 ...construction. For example (Also see pattern 5.), t āchīle f àn... (ji qùù k àn di à ny?ng) 他 吃 了 饭 ... (就 去 看 电 影.) HE EAT LE MEAL... (JIU GO SEE FILM) After he finishes the meal...(hell go to see a film.) 4. Can I place 了 at the end of a sentence that has a complex object? No. If the o