全英文SLE详细的要讲的.pptVIP

Platelets. thrombocytopenia (100*109/L) appears to be mediated by anti-platelet antibodies or/and anti-phospholipid antibodies. White blood cell leucopenia (4.0*109/L), its cause is probably a combination of destruction of white cells by autoantibodies, decreased marrow production, increased or marginal splenic pooling, and complement activation. it should also noted that the immunosuppressive drugs used in the treatment of SLE may cause a marked leucopenia. Pulmonary manifestations Pleurisy it is the most common manifestation of pulmonary involvement of SLE. The volume of pleural effusions usually is small to moderate and maybe unilateral or bilateral. Large pleural effusion are uncommon. It usually exudative in character. Pleural effusions may also occur in SLE patients with nephrotic syndrome, infection, cardiac failure. Lung 1) acute lupus pneumonitis: fever, dyspnea, cough with scanty sputum, hemoptysis, tachypnea and pleuritic chest pain. 2) pulmonary hemorrhage 3) chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease. the diagnosis should not be made until infectious processes such as viral pneumonia, tuberculosis, and other bacterial, fungal and pneumocystis carinii infection have been completely excluded. Cardiovascular manifestations Pericarditis is the most common cardiac manifestation of SLE. Myocarditis (the clinical features of lupus myocarditis resembles that of viral myocarditis) Libman-Sacks endocarditis and valvular disease Hypertension, cardiac failure Pericarditis SLE can be associated with endocarditis. Shown here is Libman-Sacks endocarditis in which there are many flat, reddish-tan vegetations spreading over the mitral valve and chordae. Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestation Esophagitis, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting: (drug related in most cases) Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, mesenteric vasculitis, protein-losing enteropathy Pancreatitis Lupus hepatitis Eyes The eyes are rarely involved in lupus except f