2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：语法 专题十一 主谓一致与特殊句式 含答案.docVIP

专题十一主谓一致与特殊句式 主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 [名师指津]　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he said is far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。 What the school needs are qualified teachers. 这个学校需要的是合格的老师。 (2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。 (3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room. 她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。 (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。 I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure. 我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。 (5)“many a或more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。 2．意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只做了60% 的工作。 All of this is wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting. 所有这些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。 (3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The old are taken good care of here. 在这儿老年人被照顾得很好。 (4)a quantity