汽车转向系统外文原文及翻译.pdfVIP

本文摘于《 Race Car Vehicle Dynamics》 作者： William F. Miliken and Douglas L. Miliken Steering systems Introduction This chapter begins with a discussion of steering geometry—caster angle ,trail ,kingpin inclination ,and scrub radius .The next section discuss Ackermann geometry followed by steering racks and gears .Ride steer (bump steer ) and roll steer are closely related to each other ;without compliance they would be the same .Finally ,wheel alignment is discussed .this chapter is tied to chapter 17 on suspension geometry–when designing a new chassis ,steering and suspension geometry considerations are high priorities . 19.1 steering geometry The kingpin in a solid front axle is the steering pivot .In modern independent suspensions , introduced by Maurice olley at Cadillac in 1932,the kingpin is replaced by two (or more ) ball joints that define the steering axis .This axis is not vertical or centered on the tire contact patch for a number of reason .see figure 19.1 to clarify how kingpin location is measured . In front view ,the angle is called kingpin inclination and the offset of the steering axis from the center of the tire print measured along the ground is called scrub (or scrub radius ). The distance from the kingpin axis to the wheel center plane , measured horizontally at axle height ,is the spindle length . In side view the kingpin angle is called caster angle ; if the kingpin axis does not pass through the wheel center then side view kingpin offset is present ,as in most motorcycle front ends .The distance measured on the ground from the steering axis to the center of the tire print is the trail (called caster offset in ref .1 ) Kingpin front view geometry As mentioned in chapter 17, kingpin inclination ,spindle length ,and scrub are usually a compromise between packaging and performance requirements .Some factors to consider include :