MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS材料力学性能.ppt

DUCTILITY（延展性） It is the measure of the degree of plastic deformation that has been sustained at fracture. Brittle: little or no plastic deformation upon fracture. (fracture strain about 5%) Ductility is the percent elongation or percent reduction in area. %EL= lf – lo x 100 lo lo = original gauge length lf = fracture length DUCTILITY Percent reduction in area %RA %RA= Ao – Af x 100 Ao Ao = original cross section Af = cross sectional area at the point of fracture Indicates to a designer the degree to which a structure will deform plastically before fracture. Specifies the degree of allowable deformation during fabrication operations. RESILIENCE Capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then uploading, this energy recovered. Ur = modulus of resilience Ur = strain energy per unit volume required to stress a material from an unloaded state up to the point of yielding. Is the area under the engineering stress-strain curve TOUGHNESS（韧性） Capacity of a material to absorb energy up to fracture. Area under the s - e curve up to the point of fracture. Units = J/m3 or in-lbf/in3 A material is tough if: - high strength - ductility TOUGHNESS TRUE STRESS AND STRAIN True stress sT = F/Ai True strain eT = ln li l0 Relationship between them sT = s (1 + e) e = ln (1 + e) Valid only to the onset of necking COMPARISON OF ENGINEERING AND TRUE STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR 工程应力-应变曲线 与 真应力-应变曲线 比较 TRUE STRESS AND STRAIN Formation of a neck complex stress state within the neck region (additional to the axial stress) The correct stress within the neck is slightly lower than the stress computed from the applied load and neck cross-sectional area. For plastic deformation at which the necking begins: sT = KenT K, n = ctes n = strain-hardening exponent Table 6.3 EXAMPLE 6.4 A cylindrical specimen of steel having an original