《经济学专业英语教程（第三版下）》Unit9世界贸易组织.ppt

Unit 9 Text: WTO （世界贸易组织） 1. Key words 2. Objectives and functions of the WTO 3. Institutional structures of the WTO 4. Basic principles of the WTO 5. Questions 1. Key words 2. Objectives and functions of the WTO 2.1 Objectives 2.2 Functions 2.1 Objectives (1) Raising standards of living; (2) Ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand; (3) Expanding the production of and trade in goods and services; (4) Allowing for the optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development; (5) Seeking both to protect and preserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development; (6) Ensuring that developing countries, and especially the least developed among them, secure a share in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development. 2.2 Functions 2.2.1 WTO is a negotiating forum 2.2.2 WTO is a set of rules 2.2.3 WTO helps to settle disputes 2.2.1 WTO is a negotiating forum Essentially, the WTO is a place where member governments go, to try to sort out the trade problems they face with each other. The WTO is currently the host to new negotiations, under the “Doha Development Agenda” launched in 2001. Where countries have faced trade barriers and wanted them lowered, the negotiations have helped to liberalize trade. But the WTO is not just about liberalizing trade, and in some circumstances its rules support maintaining trade barriers—for example to protect consumers or prevent the spread of disease. 2.2.2 WTO is a set of rules At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations. These documents provide the legal ground-rules for international commerce. They are essentially contracts, binding governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits. Although negotiated and