《经济学专业英语教程（第三版下）》Unit14欧洲联盟.ppt

Unit 14 Text: The European Union （欧洲联盟） 1. Key words 2. Process of the European integration 3. Institutional structures of the European Union 4. EU summit on December 11~12, 1993 5. Questions 1. Key words 2. Process of the European integration 2.1 1952 2.2 1958 2.3 1987 2.4 1992 2.1 1952 The European Union was first formalized by the creation of the ECSC in 1952. 2.2 1958 The European Union expanded in 1958 by the launching of Euratom and the EEC. 2.3 1987 Single European Act amended the Treaty of Rome in ways intended to streamline the decision making process, open up more areas to EC jurisdiction, and reinvigorate the movement toward European economic and political cooperation. The Act, which went into effect on July 1, 1987, following ratification by each EC member, called for the establishment of a wholly integrated internal market by the end of 1992 in this and other areas. 2.4 1992 The Maastricht Treaty was formally signed by the EC Foreign and Finance Ministers on February 7, 1992. The Maastricht Treaty calls for establishment of a single currency and regional central bank by 1999 and commits the signatories to the pursuit of “ever closer” political union, including common foreign and security policies. 3. Institutional structures of the European Union 3.1 European Council 3.2 European Commission 3.3 European Parliament 3.4 The Court of Justice 3.5 The Court of Auditors 3.6 The European Monetary Institute (EMI) 3.7 Europol 3.1 European Council The European Council (comprising the heads of state or government of the member states) was authorized“to provide the Union with the necessary impetus for its development” and to “define the general political guidelines” for the grouping. The Council meets at least twice a year under the chairmanship of the head of state or government of the member state holding the Presidency of the EU Council of Ministers. 3.2 European Commission The European Commission is charged with the initiation and implementation of EU pol