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To cite this output:
Culpeper, Jonathan (2009). Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence: Full Research Report
ESRC End of Award Report, RES-063-27-0015. Swindon: ESRC
Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence
Final report submitted to the ESRC, November 2009
Jonathan Culpeper
1. Background
Located in linguistic pragmatics, a field that focuses on language usage in context,
this project offers a systematic and comprehensive impoliteness model that is not only
theoretically informed but data-driven. It is developed through extensive analyses of
contextualised data, as well as informant testing and computational analysis.
Moreover, no previous study includes "every day" impoliteness interactions as a
central and extensive data set, or attempts to cast light on the mechanisms of
impoliteness through cross-cultural comparisons.
Impoliteness-related phenomena have been studied in diverse disciplines.
However, no concerted attempt has been made to "join the dots" presented in these
literatures. In sociology we find evidence that verbal abuse may be perceived to be as
damaging as physical abuse (e.g. Batchelor et al. 2001; Burman et al. 2002). Yet no
connection is made with, for example, Greenwell and Dengerink (1973),
psychologists working on aggression, who arrived at the same conclusion. Tedeschi
and Felson (1994: 171), two social psychologists, observe that "social harm may be
imposed by insults, reproaches, sarcasm, and various types of impolite behaviour",
but do not say what the substance of that impolite behaviour is. McEnery (2006)
provides the linguistic substance for swearing, one potentially impolite type
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