传感器专业名词英文解释.docVIP

1. Briefly define the following terms Transducer A transducer is a device that converts a signal from one physical form to a corresponding signal having a different physical form . Sensor A sensor converts a physical signal into an electrical signal (i.e., a microphone). Actuator An actuator is a device that converts electrical energy into physical energy (i.e., a loudspeaker). Linearity The linearity describes the closeness between the calibration curve and a specified straight line. Sensitivity The sensitivity is defined in terms of the relationship between input physical signal and output electrical signal. It is generally the ratio between a small change in electrical signal to a small change in physical signal. The sensitivity is the slope of the calibration curve. Hysteresis The hysteresis refers to the difference between two output values that correspond to the same input, depending on the direction (increasing or decreasing) of successive input values. That is, similarly to the magnetization in ferromagnetic materials, it can happen that the output corresponding to a given input depends on whether the previous input was higher or lower than the present one. Some sensors do not return to the same output value when the input stimulus is cycled up or down. The width of the expected error in terms of the measured quantity is defined as the hysteresis. Repeatability The repeatability is the closeness of agreement between successive results obtained with the same method under the same conditions and in a short time interval. δ—sample standard deviation Strain (mechanical) Fractional change in length ΔL/L. Gage factor The gage factor is defined as the fractional change in resistance divided by the strain. Piezoresistive effect The change in resistivity as a result of a mechanical stress is called the piezoresistive effect. direct piezoelectric effect. the phenomenon of generation of a voltage under mechanical stress