慈云遵式创建的天台寺院制度.docVIP

慈云遵式创建的天台寺院制度 闽南佛学院 心皓 内容提要：遵式不但以制忏著称，也重视天台寺院制度的制定。他在杭州天竺寺创建十方讲院，制订了《天竺寺十方住持仪》和《别立众制》等数则寺院制度。《天竺寺十方住持仪》共有十章规范，主要是针对寺院法主而立。《别立众制》是对普通僧众的规范，此一仪制后来被元自庆收录于他所编的《增修教苑清规》一书中。除了《别立众制》外，相对于僧众的日常行事，遵式还制定了《凡入浴室略知十事》和《纂示上厕方法》。四篇仪制均收录于遵式的五世法孙慧观所编的《天竺别集》一书中。遵式所制订的寺院规制为天台教寺在宋代的开展提供了良好的制度保证。 关键词：教院 十方住持 别立众制 共住 The Monastery Institution Created by Master Ci-yun Zunshi By Xin Hao Abstract: The master Ciyun Zunshi is famous not only for making the rituals of k?ama, but also for formulating the institution of the Tian-tai Buddhist temples. He once dwelled in the Tain-zhu-si temple of Hangzhou where he formulated the Rites for Tian-zhu-si Temple Dwellers from Ten Ddirections and the Institution Set-up Specially for the Samgha etc. The former consists of ten chapters dealing with the responsibility and right of the leading body in the temple, whereas the latter is to governing the behaviors of monks in the temple which as a set of pure regulations were by the Monk Zi Qing in the Yuan Dynasty taken into his the Enlarged Edition of Pure regulations for Chan Garden. Besides, the Master Zun Shi also laid down quite a few institutions like the Outlined Ten Things for Entering the Bathroom and the Notices for Going to the Toilet. All Zun Shi’s writings in this aspect were by his fifth dharma grandson Hui Guan collected into the Tian-zhu-bie-ji (Additional Collection of Tian-Zhu) and provides a institutional guarantee for Tian-tai Buddhist monasteries developing in the period of the Song Dynasty. Keywords: Buddhist monastery; temple-dweller from ten directions; the Institution Set-up Specially for the Samgha 前 言 天台势力在宋代佛教占有举足轻重的地位。宋代天台教观的弘扬，从羲寂、义通到慈云遵式、四明知礼益趋兴盛。四明尊者知礼大师，广演教法，专务讲忏，多事著述，使天台宗蔚然中兴。与知礼同时振兴天台佛教的另一天台法系是慈云遵式。遵式自幼在天台出家，学行孤高，博习天台教观。如果说知礼是以义学见长的话，那么遵式则是以德行名世，曾有“天台忏主之誉”，二人学修互为补充，并行不悖，被称为义通门下二神足。遵式于苏、杭等地多次讲经修忏，学者沛然向慕。后复兴天竺寺居之，忏讲不绝，从学者恒逾千人，受到朝廷推崇。遵式曾于乾兴元年（1022）在天竺替皇室行忏，并奏请天台教典入藏（天圣四年，公元1026年编入）。为此还著有《教藏随函目录》，叙述诸部著作大义。天台教典的入藏表明官方对天台佛教大师的认可，同时有利地促进了天台佛教的发展。志磐在《佛祖统纪》中对知礼、遵式二师给予很高的评价，他引镜庵 镜