研究生英语课文.docxVIP

U1 [ 1 ] Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut﹡, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichés﹡ are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize﹡ the power of positive thinking. [ 1 ] 你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗? 当研究者们自细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然问都成了科学问题。 [ 2 ] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15 000 people—is proving that optimism﹡ can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism﹡leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression﹡, loneliness and painful shyness. If we could teach people to think more positively, says psychologist﹡ Craig A. Anderson of Rice University① in Houston②，it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills. [ 2 ] 迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败，并与沮丧、孤独及令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [ 3 ] Your abilities count, explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier① of Carnegie Mellon University② in Pittsburgh③, but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will. In part ﹡, thats because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways. [ 3 ]“你的能力固然重要，”匹兹堡的卡内基一梅降大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功，”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [ 4 ] Take, for example, your job. In a major study, psychologist Martin E. P①. Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania② and colleague Peter Schulman surveyed sales representatives at the Metropolitan﹡ Life Insurance Co. They found that the positive-thinkers among longtime representatives sold 37-percent more insurance than did the negative-thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20-percent more. [ 4 ] 以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利棉曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调察。他们发现，存工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考比消极思考者要多推销37％的保险额。机新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20％。 [ 5 ] Impressed, the company hired 100 people