情态动词-have-done的用法.docVIP

“情态动词+have done”的用法 “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：1． should (ought to) have＋过去分词表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. （04’广西卷）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving[解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。2．needn’t have＋过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning. (06’陕西卷)A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t [解析] He neednt have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。[注意] He didnt need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。 3．must have＋过去分词用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。[注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . （05’北京春季）A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped[解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05’天津卷）A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt[解析]从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[b] 。4．may／might have＋过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷)A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t Key:[b]5．can／could have＋过去分词表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .--- Oh, did you? You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara． (NMET’98)　A. could have stayed B. could stayC. would stay D. must have stayed Key: [A]巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.A. couldn’t have waited B. needn’t haveC. didn’t need to D. should wait2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3．---May I speak to