计算机专业英语教案第2章.docVIP

计算机专业英语 第2章 Hardware Knowledge PAGE 1 教师: 游彦 第2章 Hardware Knowledge 2.1 Computer Hardware Basics 2.2 CPU 2.3 Memory 2.4 Input / Output Devices 2.5 Parallel Organization 2.1 Computer Hardware Basics Flip-Flop and Clock Shift registers Combinational Circuit Logic Systems Logic Circuits Flip-Flop and Clock Microprocessors employ both latches and flip-flops. A flip-flop is a synchronous device; it is clocked, and it can change state only on arrival of a clock pulse. Clock pulses are basically square waves; they may have a very low repetition, or they may have a very high repetition rate. RS flip-flop Shift registers A register capable of shifting its binary information in one or both directions is called a shift register. All flip-flops receive common clock pulses that initiate the shift from one stage to the next. A register capable of shifting in one direction only is called a unidirectional shift register. A register that can shift in both directions is called a bi-directional shift register. Some shift registers provide the necessary input terminals for parallel transfer. 4-bit shift register The capabilities of register An input for clock pulses to synchronize all operations. A shift-right operation and a serial input line associated with the shift-right. A shift-left operation and a serial input line associated with the shift-left. A parallel load operation and n input lines associated with the parallel transfer. N parallel output lines. A control state that leaves the information in the register unchanged even though clock pulses are applied continuously. Combinational Circuit A combinational circuit is a connected arrangement of logic gates with a set of inputs and outputs. At any given time, the binary values of the outputs are a function of the binary combination of the inputs. A combinational circuit can be described by a truth tab