西安交通大学研究生英语写作SummaryWriting课件.pptVIP

西安交通大学研究生英语写作Summary Writing;Objectives ;I. What is a summary?;II. Characteristics of a good summary;III. Techniques in summary writing;Examples: ;★It helps us understand the original better. ★It helps us grasp the central idea and the main points. ★It helps us write summaries that are brief and to the point, and in our own words.;★Read the original carefully and comprehend its meaning wholly and correctly. ★Consider the original article as a whole, not in isolated sentences. ;Grasping the central ideas ;Ways of condensation Use synonyms or synonymous phrases He had a good command of English. (He knew English well.) Change the structure of simple sentences My brother has an appreciation of modern art. (My brother appreciates modern art.);Turn complex sentences into simple sentences He received a welcome that was as cold as ice. (He received an icy welcome.) Combine the sentences Hurry up. If you don’t, you’ll miss the train. (Hurry up or you’ll miss the train.);Finding the topic sentence and making an outline topic sentence / outline;IV. How to write a summary?;;;;Read the article To understand the article and find the general theme. Reread the article Divide into sections and label each section. Understand the important parts. Write one-sentence summaries Summarize each section of thought.;Formulate the thesis statement Weave the one-sentence section-summaries together. Write the first draft In the first sentence or two: The author’s name The article’s or chapter’s name The author’s thesis statement Then the summary sentences for each paragraph or section.;Express in your own words, to avoid plagiarism. Occasional supporting ideas if necessary. Note: Eliminate unnecessary words and repetitions. Eliminate personal ideas and inferences. Use transitions for a smooth and logical flow of ideas. Conclude with a ‘summing up’ sentence. ;Edit the draft Is all the important information in the summary? Am I listing things out? Am I saying the