英语词汇学辅导资料5.pptVIP

English lexicology (III) Chapter 5 Word Meaning and Semantic Relations Objectives: Discuss meanings of ‘meaning’; Explain types of meaning and semantic relations. Teaching focus: Meanings of ‘meaning’; Motivation of meaning; Types of meaning; Types of context Semantic relations. Part I Word Meaning Part Ⅱ Semantic Relations Part I Word Meaning 1. Introduction: meanings of meaning 2. semantics and word meaning 3. Reference, concept and sense 4. Motivations and main ways 5. Types of word meaning 6. Meaning and context 1. Introduction:What is the meaning of ‘meaning’? John means to write.—— A green light means go.—— Health means everything.—— What is the meaning of life?—— What does “capitalist” mean to you?—— What does “cornea” mean?（“眼角膜”） —— The word “meaning” has different meanings, which could be explored from the aspects of philosophy, logic, linguistics, etc, with different aims. Ogden Richards 1923, The Meaning of Meaning (‘W meaning’) John Lyons 1981, Semantics (rft.68/p.) Palmer 1983, Semantics (rft.69/p.) (‘S meaning’) Meaning has always been a central topic in human scholarship. Meaning has been studied for thousands of years by philosophers, logicians and linguists, e.g. Plato Aristotle. 2. What is semantics? Semantics: is the major branch of linguistics devoted to the study of meaning. (英文semantics来自希腊语semantikos，意思是significant “有意义”) Linguistic semantics: the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular. The meaning of words: Lexical semantics（68/p.） The meaning of sentences: Propositional （69/p.）meaning, compositional meaning The meaning of utterances: Pragmatics 1) His typewriter has bad intentions. Anomalous 2) My unmarried sister is married to a bachelor. Contradictory 3)John was looking for the glasses. Ambiguous 4) A. The needle is too short. B. The needle is not long enough. Synonymo