初中定语从句精讲.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 4 初中定语从句讲解 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you? 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom/who I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1,只能使用that,不用which 的情况： (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. 先行词被only, no, any, all, every, some, few , little, much, both等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret. 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered. (6).在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。例如： There are two novels that I want to read.　我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 (7).当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。例如： This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。 (8).以Here is (are)开头的句子时。例如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影