Acid-Base Titration - Hackensack HS - MrFrank Bernardos 酸碱滴定法-哈肯萨克HS - mrfrank贝尔纳多的.pdf

Acid-Base Titration Learning Goals: 1. Use the technique of acid-base titration to standardize (three significant figures) a basic solution against a 2. Determine the molecular weight of an unknown acid (three significant figures) by using the standardized basic solution as a in another acid-base titration. Abstract: Acid-base titration is a technique commonly used to determine the moles of acid in a sample by adding a known volume of strong base of a known concentration. The strong base provides the hydroxide ions, OH, to react quantitatively with the acid. The point at which the acid is completely and exactly consumed (reacted with) the known quantity of base is called the equivalence point and is signaled by a color change in the solution (end point). This color change is created by an indicator dye which is extremely sensitive to the presence of even a small excess of aqueous OH-. From the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical reaction, the number of moles of the unknown acid solution can be determined. If the number of grams of unknown acid is measured, the molecular weight can be calculated. Important Equations Neutralization equation for any monoprotic acid, HA, neutralized by strong base, NaOH: HA(,?q)+ NaOH(..?q)~ NaA(aq)+ H 20(1) Equation 1: Neutralization Reaction Note: Na+(aq) and A(aq) are spectator ions in this reaction and are simply written as the salt byproduct, NaA (aq). As more and more of the base is added the excess acid is neutralized as shown in Equation 1. When more moles of OH- are added than moles of HA initially present, the final solution contains excess OH- which means the titration has passed the endpoint. If an acid-base indicator, such as Phenolphthalein, is present there will be a color change at this endpoint. Even a fraction of a drop of excess base is all that is required to trig