半水磷石膏充填体离子固化与尺寸效应-中国环境科学.pdf

中国环境科学 2019,39(1) ：210~218 China Environmental Science 半水磷石膏充填体离子固化与尺寸效应 兰文涛 1,2,吴爱祥 1,2,王贻明 1,2*,王佳才 3,李剑秋 3 (1.北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083 ；2.金属矿山高效 开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083 ；3.贵州川恒化工股份有限公司,贵州 福泉 550500) 摘要：针对磷石膏堆存所产生的环境污染问题,提出以无害化处理后的半水磷石膏(HPG)作为矿山充填材料的解决方案.以渗透试验、物性测试试验和 化学成分测定等试验为基础,研究了 HPG 在不同石灰掺量、不同尺寸、不同养护龄期条件下的毒性浸出和浸泡离子析出规律.结果表明,石灰添加量为 2%时,HPG 中的P 、F 等潜在有害元素固化效果最好,所制备的充填体试块 3d 单轴抗压强度可达 7.4MPa;其抗渗透性相对于未添加石灰的 HPG 提高 3000 倍以上.通过浸泡实验测定了 HPG 在去离子水中的单位面积溶出速率,得出了暴露面积为 4m2 时充填体中 P 、F 、Ca2+ 、SO42-离子日均析出总量,分别为 0.84、0.32、27.84 、89.32g;同时发现 HPG 试块的离子析出具有尺寸效应,相同浸泡时间、固液比条件下,增大充填体尺寸可以减小离子析出速率. 关键词：半水磷石膏；离子固化；离子析出；尺寸效应；矿山充填；无害化处置 中图分类号：X751,TD853 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2019)01-0210-09 Ionic solidification and size effect of hemihydrate phosphogypsum backfill. LAN Wen-tao1,2, WU Ai-xiang1,2, WANG Yi-ming1,2*, WANG Jia-cai3 3 , LI Jian-qiu (1.School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China；2.State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, Beijing 100083, China；3.Guizhou Chuanheng Chemical Corporation, Fuquan 550500, China). China Environmental Science, 2019,39(1)：210~218 Abstract ：In view of the environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of phosphogypsum, a solution was proposed to treat the HPG as a filling material with innocuous treatment. Through osmosis test, physical property test and chemical composition analysis test of HPG, the regularity of elemental release was studied with different lime content , different size and different curing time. The results showed that adding 2% lime to HPG had the best curing effect on P, F or other potentially harmful elements in HPG, and the compressive strength of the prepared filling blocks could