PartEight英汉对比与翻译课件.pptVIP

Part Eight 一、句子的向左扩展与向右扩展 2. 汉语句子的向左扩展（left-extension） 原因 1）汉语中的定语（词、词组）几乎都是前置的，位于中心词之前，而且有时定语部分会比较长，造成了句子的向左扩展 例：今天，驾驶新型波音767和757客机的驾驶员借助新的激光陀螺仪进行操作。 Today pilots flying the new Boeing 767 and 757 air-craft navigate with the aid of new laser gyroscopes. 《中华人民共和国宪法》明确规定，“妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭生活等方各方面享有同男子平等的权利”。 The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China clearly stipulates, “Women enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres of life, political, economic, cultural and social, including family life.” 昨天下午在办公室与她谈话的那个人已经被解聘了。 The man who had a talk with her in the office yesterday afternoon has been dismissed. 2) 汉民族习惯于先对事情发生的背景进行铺垫，从侧面说明，阐述外围环境，最后点出话语的中心信息。 A. 时间、地点这些状语成分放在句首 例：今天上午八点到十二点，新同学在物理实验室工作。 The new students were working at the physics laboratory from 8 to 12 this morning. 昨天晚上七点半在剧院门口，我遇到了我多年未见的中学同学。 I met with my middle school classmate at the entrance of the theater at 7:30 yesterday evening, whom I haven’t seen for years. B. 原因、条件、让步等状语成分的前置 例：去年秋天，我接到全国总工会的邀请，到背景参加国庆节庆祝活动。 I went to Beijing last Autumn to attend the National Day celebrations at the invention of All-China Federation of Trade Union. 如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。 Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 我们虽然看不到空气，但却能感觉到它。 We can feel the air, although we can not see it. 在英语译文中，主从句的位置是可以互换的，但汉语原文的主从顺序是不可颠倒的。 3. 变换结构模式的对策和方法 1）英译汉 A. 在可能的情况下，把后置定语（短语、从句）前移，符合汉语向左扩展的句式特点 例：There are various kinds of waves invisible to the naked eye in the aerospace. 太空中有各种各样肉眼看不见的波。 Nobody in any sector, public or private, should offer benefits unless for a good reason. 不管是在私营还是在公共部门，若无正当理由，任何人都不得提供优惠。 However, I think that any thoughtful scholar who takes the trouble to go through the source notes at the end of this volume will find that the essential facts of the story which I have told come from written diaries, memoranda and memories. 然而，我想任何一位认真阅读书后面材料来源注释的细心学者都会发现，我所讲述的历史的基本事实来源于书面日记、备忘录和回忆录。 B. 状语的前置 例：It was better in case they were captured. 要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。 He pushed open the door ge