英语语法详细讲解主谓一致语法.pptVIP

主谓一致 （Subject-Verb Concord/Agreement） 主谓一致即句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。 一般说来， 主语的单、复数形式决定着谓语动词应采取的相应形式。 在实际应用中， 有时情况较为复杂， 但在现代英语中基本遵循如下原则：语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。 语法一致原则 语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式。主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数形式。例如： A letter has been sent to every student. Two letters have been sent to every student. 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指主谓之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。形式是单数的主语，其谓语可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复数的主语，其谓语有可能是单数（详见后文所述）。例如： The class are doing experiment on heat and light. The team are playing magnificently. The United States is a country advanced in science and technology. Ten dollars is all I have left. Two thirds of the area is under water. 同一单词作主语，根据其表达意义的不同，有时用单数动词，有时却要用复数动词。例如： The family is the basic unit of the society. The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vacation in Italy. 就近原则 就近原则是指谓语动词与它最近的名词、代词或其他词在人称或数上保持一致。常见于either…or; neither…nor; there be; not only…but also等.例如： Either you or he was wrong. There is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. Not only his children but he himself is hoping to be there. 上述三条原则的具体应用比较复杂，以下几点需要特别注意。 我们分三大类情况来看： (一 ) 谓语动词用单数的情况 1 one, every, each, everyone, everybody, no, no one, one of, many a, more than one, either, neither, nobody, anyone, somebody, someone等作主语或主语修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Every /Each boy and girl is treated in the same way. Every /Each man and every /each woman has good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 2 a kind of, a sort of, a portion of, a section of, a series of, a piece of, a pair of, a couple of 等修饰主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则一般用单数。例如： A pair of scissors is what he needs now. Two pairs of scissors are what he needs now. A series of lectures on engineering is scheduled. There is a couple of vacant rooms behind the office. 3 表示国家、单位、书报等名称或表示时间、距离、体积、度量衡（将它视为一整体）等的名词或短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： The Netherlands is famous for its tulips. One hundred miles is too far to travel on foot. Ten pounds was missing from the bill. The Thirty-Nine Steps is an interesting novel. 4 不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作